Authors: Henry Suarez RDMS, RVT; Richard Garay R.T. (S), RDMS, RVT Reflux Today we have a case to evaluate for the presence of “ venous reflux”.“Venous reflux” is a common abnormality due to valvular incompetence leading to the conditionknown as venous insufficiency. Venous insufficiency is caused by the backwards flow of blood in the veins… Read More Venous Insufficiency Case/Protocol
biliary sand/microlithiasis precursor to stones cholecystitis, colic, pancreatitis Biliary sludge is a common finding on GB sonography. It is mainly comprised of calcium bilirubinate granules and lesser amounts of cholesterol crystals. It can be asymptomatic. Risk factors are rapid weight loss, gastric surgery, total parenteral nutrition (tpn) in fact you see it quite frequently in… Read More Gallbladder Sludge
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial malignant neoplasm in infants and children. It accounts for eight to 10% of all childhood cancers and 15% of cancer related death. The median agent diagnosis is usually 22 months with 30 % of cases being discovered in the first year of life. The tumors arise from the neural… Read More Neuroblastoma
Transducer I use a 6 MHz (dropping the frequency between 4-5 if necessary) Curvilinear abdominal transducer and the 9 MHz linear transducer to get higher res doppler, gray scale and bflow images. If the patient is obese you may use a sector transducer. I like to begin the exam examining the native kidneys. Now a… Read More Renal Transplant Duplex Protocol
The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland in the neck consisting of two lobes connected by the isthmus. The thyroid is located at the front of the neck, just below the laryngeal prominence of the thyroid cartilage. Begin in the midline neck transverse below the thyroid cartilage. Take image of the thyroid at midline, sweep… Read More Thyroid Ultrasound Protocol
Authors: Henry Suarez RDMS, RVT; Richard Garay R.T. (S), RDMS, RVT Hemodialysis Hemodialysis is a medical procedure that uses a dialysis machine to filter wastes and water from your blood in cases of renal failure. In order to use a hemodialysis machine the patient needs access to their blood supply. This is achieved with a hemodialysis… Read More Hemodialysis Vascular Access
Protocol image sequence (Right side only repeat images on left testis for complete protocol). Transverse Begin in transverse what’s know colloquially as the “twins” view. This view is great for determining quickly symmetry, position and echotexture. With color doppler you can determine whether there is testicular torsion. In cases of undescended testis you can show… Read More Testicular/Scrotal Doppler Protocol
Here is the protocol for the complete renal ultrasound. BLADDER Sagittal With a full bladder begin at midline and take right and left lateral images in sagittal. Measure the bladder wall per protocols or indication. A normal adult bladder can hold about 470 ml of urine or about 2 cups. TRANSVERSE Turning your transducer counter… Read More Renal Ultrasound Complete Protocol
Proximal Aorta The aorta is the largest artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the viscera and extremities. Here I share with you the protocol for scanning aortic duplex ultrasounds. Start in the epigastric region at the proximal abdominal aorta and take sagittal grayscale, color Doppler and spectral Doppler and measure the diameter… Read More Aorta Duplex/Doppler Protocol
Introduction Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder that can affect the brain, spinal cord and optic nerve. It does so via immune mediated damage to the myelin sheath, a modified plasma membrane that surrounds the nerve axon [1]. It is an autoimmune inflammatory disease that causes demyelination which in turn leads to the… Read More Multiple Sclerosis
