Arterial Duplex/Doppler Sonography of the Upper Extremities

Duplex sonography of the extremities is a non-invasive and valuable tool in detecting diseases in the blood vessels of the arms and legs. This post will cover the basic evaluation of the upper and lower extremity arterial systems. Indications 1. DETECTION OF STENOSIS OR OCCLUSIONS IN SEGMENTS OF THE PERIPHERAL ARTERIES. 2. MONITORING OF SITES… Read More Arterial Duplex/Doppler Sonography of the Upper Extremities

Nutcracker Phenomenon/Syndrome

IntroductionNutcracker syndrome was first described in the literature by El-Sadr and Mina in 1950 [1]. It is considered a vascular compression disorder akin to May-Thurner syndrome (left iliac vein is compressed by the right iliac artery) and Thoracic outlet syndrome (compression of the vessel of the upper extremity)[2]. In normal anatomy the left renal vein… Read More Nutcracker Phenomenon/Syndrome